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fish farming
Fish farming or pisciculture is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.〔Based on data sourced from the (FishStat database )〕〔< http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000400024>〕
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries, China holding 62 percent of the world's fish farming practice.〔< http://www.ftai.com/article.htm#FFNsep14>〕 Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.〔(Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Aquaculture Production ) 2008 FAO Yearbook, Rome.〕 In 2005, aquaculture represented 40% of the 157.5 million tons of seafood that was produced, meaning that it has become a critical part of our world's food source even though the industry is still technically in its 'infancy' and didn't really become well known until the 1970s. Because of this rise in aquaculture, there has been a rise in the per capita availability of seafood globally within the last few decades.〔http://www.jstor.org/stable/42629678?seq=2〕
== Major species ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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